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Nouns Gender Worksheets: Masculine, Feminine, Common, Neuter Gender (pdf)

Written by Manasi Dey in English

Gender is a system of noun classification. The gender of a noun (or pronoun) informs about the sex of that noun. The word “Gender” comes from the Latin “genus” which means kind or sort. In the English language, there are four noun-genders. They are:

  • Masculine gender
  • Feminine gender
  • Common gender, and
  • Neuter gender

What is Masculine Gender?

The masculine gender is a noun (or pronoun) that refers to a male animal or character. For example, boy, man, king, actor, lion, etc all denotes the name of a male animal or male species. So, all these nouns are of masculine gender. Let’s take some more examples:
The boy is running in the park.
He is my brother.
In the above two sentences the words “boy”, “brother”, “he” denotes members from the male community. So, all these words are masculine gender. Note that “he” is a masculine pronoun.

Masculine gender relates to living things. But there are few objects without life that are often spoken of (personified) as if they are living beings and then considered as male objects. For example objects of remarkable strength and violence are considered as the masculine gender. Summer, Time, Sun, Death, etc are examples of personified masculine genders.

What is Feminine Gender?

Feminine gender refers to those nouns or pronouns that denote a female animal or character of a species. For example, girl, actress, woman, lioness, etc refers to the name or character of a female species. So, all these words are of the feminine gender. Let’s understand feminine genders in the sentences below:
The girl who is playing is my sister.
She can speak fluent English.
In the above sentences “girl”, “sister”, and “she” refers to the female members. So, all these words are of the feminine gender.

Feminine gender also denotes living beings. But few objects of beauty, gentleness, gracefulness, etc are personified as feminine gender. Examples, Moon, Spring, Nature, Peace, Charity, etc are examples of personified feminine genders.

What is a Common Gender?

A common gender is a noun that refers to either a male or a female. Means common gender is not specific about whether it is male or female. For example, thief, friend, cousin, baby, etc. All these words can denote either male or female. A baby can be a boy or a girl. But the word baby is not specific, it has the potential to be either male or female. Such words are of the common gender.

What is Neuter Gender?

A neuter gender refers to a noun that is neither male nor female. In general, these are names of things without life. So these are normally non-living nouns. For example, library, books, pen, star, computer, etc. All these words do not specify either a male or female object. Hence, all these words are of the neuter gender.

Masculine to Feminine Gender Rules

There are various rules to convert masculine to feminine genders or vice versa.

Masculine to Feminine Gender by adding a syllable (-ess, -ine, -trix, -a, etc.)

A masculine noun can be transferred to feminine by adding a syllable as shown below:

Masculine Noun Feminine Noun Masculine Noun Feminine Noun
Author Authoress Poet Poetess
Hero Heroine Sultan Sultana
Czar Czarina Negro Negress
Signor Signora Host Hostess
Actor Actress Prince Princess
Founder Foundress Tiger Tigress
Hunter Huntress Waiter Waitress
Emperor Empress Master Mistress

Masculine to Feminine Gender by replacing a word before or after the noun

A feminine gender can be formed from a masculine gender by replacing a word as shown below:

Masculine Noun Feminine Noun Masculine Noun Feminine Noun
Manservant Maidservant Grandfather Grandmother
Landlord Landlady Peacock Peahen
Salesman Saleswoman Washerman Washerwoman

Masculine to Feminine Gender by using a complete different word

Sometimes, the feminine form of the gender is totally different from the masculine form as shown below:

Masculine Noun Feminine Noun Masculine Noun Feminine Noun
Boy Girl Brother Sister
He She King Queen
Lord/Gentleman Lady Man Woman
Monk Nun Bull Cow
Buck Doe Horse Mare
Husband Wife Son Daughter
Daddy Mummy Bull Cow
Nephew Niece Wizard Witch

Gender Worksheets

Let’s practice various gender worksheets given below to update your understanding on the subject.

Q1. Masculine and Feminine gender worksheets: Fill the table below with the proper form of applicable masculine or feminine genders:

Masculine Noun Feminine Noun Masculine Noun Feminine Noun
Boy   Brother  
  She King  
  Lady   Woman
Landlord   Hunter  
Monk   Bull  
  Doe Horse  
Husband   Son  
  Policewoman   Hen
Nephew     Witch
  Empress Founder  
Actor     Authoress
  Czarina Hero  
Sultan   Host  
  Princess Tiger  
He     Peahen
  Hen Uncle  
Poet     Vixen

Q2. Choose the correct gender group for each noun.

1. Aunt
a. neuter b. masculine c. feminine
2. School
a. masculine b. common c. neuter
3. Lion
a. feminine b. masculine c. common
4. duck
a. feminine b. common c. neuter
5. wife
a. neuter b. masculine c. feminine
6. Grandfather
a. neuter b. masculine c. feminine
7.Huntress
a. feminine b. common c. neuter
8. Priest
a. neuter b. masculine c. feminine
9. Patron
a. neuter b. masculine c. feminine
10. Niece
a. feminine b. masculine c. common

Q3. Write the gender names for the given words

a. Prince _______________
b. Prophet _______________
c. Sow _______________
d. Steward _______________
e. Milkman _______________
f. Landlord _______________
g. Queen _______________
h. Host ________________
i. Grandmother _______________
j. Songster _______________
k. Teacher _______________
l. Student ________________
l. Parent ______________
m. Doctor ______________
n. Enemy _______________
o. Policeman _________________

Q4. Identify the genders in the following sentence and write which gender it is.

a. Grandmother makes ladoo for me.__________
b. The soldiers were rewarded for their bravery.____________
c. The boy stood on the burning deck._______________
d. The girl is fond of music._________________
e. The rose smells sweet.___________________
f. Iron is a useful metal.______________
g. Who threw a stone?_______________
h. The old crow tried to sing.______________________
i. There is no picture in the book.______________
j. The ship sustained heavy damage._______________
k. The child fell down from the great height.____________________
l. The doctor says it is hopeless case._______

Q5. Write the masculine form of the words

a. My sister played badminton with her friend.
b. The poor woman has not rupee.
c. My aunt is a teacher.
d. The headmistress wants to speak to you.
f. The queen stays in a castle.

Q6. Write the words into the right column.

(Book, Pen, Wood, Oil, Honesty, Sweetness, Brunch, Crowd, Ant, Crow, Baby, Guest, Lioness, Hunter, Nephew, lady, Waiter, sultan, fox)

Masculine Gender

Feminine Gender

Neuter Gender

Common Gender

 

 

 

 

Singular and Plural Nouns: Definition, Rules, Examples, and Worksheets [With PDF]

Written by Manasi Dey in English

Understanding singular and plural nouns are one of the basic requirements for understanding nouns. Depending on the number of quantity, nouns are of two types: Singular noun and plural noun. Both singular and plural noun is very easy to spot in the English language. In this article, we will learn the definition, rules, examples and worksheets related to singular and plural nouns.

Singular and Plural Noun Definition

The term singular comes from the term “Single” which means one. So singular noun specifies the names of one person, thing, place, or idea. Plural nouns specify a noun with a quantity of more than one. Both singular and plural specify names and thus nouns. Only the quantity or number makes the difference.

Examples of Singular and Plural Nouns

Let’s have a look at the following sentence; One red color bus is standing in between six green buses. Here, the red color bus is denoting only one bus and its singular. On the other hand, green buses are denoting six green buses; Hence it is plural, and “-es” is added to convert the singular bus to plural buses.

The following table shows a few examples of singular and plural nouns for reference

Examples of singular and plural nouns
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
cat cats Lady ladies mouse mice
worker workers story stories foot feet
hawk hawks key keys ox oxen
place places boy boys deer deer
rope ropes calf calves giraffe giraffes
lamp lamps chief chiefs cliff cliffs
brush brushes roof roofs loaf loaves
fox foxes life lives calf calves
monarch monarchs fish fish way ways
zoo zoos sheep sheep lily lilies
video videos ox oxen hero heroes
tornado tornadoes quiz quizzes highway highways
address addresses shelf shelves fungus fungi
arch arches family families diagnosis diagnoses
bug bugs oreo oreos egg eggs
Singular and Plural Nouns
Singular and Plural Nouns

Singular and Plural Noun Conversion Rules

There are a few basic rules for converting singular nouns into plural nouns.

  • Rule 1: Add ‘s’ at the end of the singular noun to make it plural. For example, cat=>cats; bird=>birds; pen=>pens; egg=>eggs; nest=>nests.
  • Rule 2: For nouns that end in ‘s’, ‘ss’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘x’, or ‘z’ requires an ‘es’ at the end of the singular noun to convert it into plural. Words ending with ‘z’ needs one extra z before ‘es’. For example, bus=>buses; witch=>witches; quiz=>quizzes (extra z); beach=>beaches; box=>boxes.
    • However, when the ‘ch’ at the end sounds like ‘k’, only ‘s’ is added to make it a plural noun. For example, stomach=>stomachs.
  • Rule 3: Singular nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ need ‘s’ to be added at the end. However, sometimes the ‘f’ is required to be changed to ‘v’. For example, safe=>safes; wife=>wives (f converted to v); roof=>roofs; shelf=>shelves. belief=>beliefs.
  • Rule 4: Singular nouns that end with ‘y’ need changing of ‘y’ to ‘i’ before adding ‘es’ to make it plural. For example, baby=>babies; story=>stories; trophy=>trophies.
    • However, when there is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) before ‘y’ then simply add ‘s’ to make it a plural noun. For example, toy=>toys; key=>keys; bay=>bays.
    • Again, when the singular noun ending with ‘y’ represents some places or person, only ‘s’ is added at the end. For example, Chakraborty=>Chakrabortys;
  • Rule 5: Some singular nouns are the same in their plural noun forms. For example, fish; deer; sheep; etc.
  • Rule 6: Singular nouns those end in ‘o’ followed by a consonant, requires ‘es’ for making it a plural noun. For example; tomato=>tomatoes, potato=>potatoes.
    • However, there are exceptions like piano=>pianos; halo=>halos. Remember that for the singular noun volcano; both volcanos and volcanoes are correct as a plural noun.
    • When the singular nouns have a foreign origin, only ‘s’ is added at the end in its plural noun form. For example, avocado=>avocados; maestro=>maestros
    • If the singular noun ending in ‘o’ is followed by a vowel, simply add ‘s’ to form a plural noun. For example, studio=>studios; portfolio=>portfolios.
  • Rule 7: When the singular noun ends in ‘is’, the ‘is’ changes to ‘es’ in its plural noun form. For example; Ellipsis=>ellipses; Analysis=>analyses.
  • Rule 8: Singular nouns ending in ‘on’ end in ‘a’ in its plural conversion. For example; Criterion=>criteria; Phenomenon=>phenomena.
  • Rule 9: When the singular noun ends in ‘us’, the plural noun ends in ‘i’. For example; focus=>foci; cactus=>cacti.
  • Rule 10: For irregular nouns, there are no specific rules for conversion into plural form. So, it’s always preferable to learn these words by heart. For example; Man=>men; tooth=>teeth; person=>people; child;=children; foot=>feet; etc.
  • Rule 11: There are few nouns that only have a plural noun form. Examples-binoculars, scissors, glasses, jeans, sunglasses, pants, headphones, pajamas, etc.
  • Rule 12: Collective nouns that represent a group of nouns are always plural noun in form. Examples: crew, company, audience, team, public, etc.
  • Rule 13: In a similar way, Some nouns are always in singular noun form even though they have ‘s’ at their end. Example; Maths, Physics, Classics, Aerobics, etc.
  • Rule 14: Singular Nouns with ‘um’ at their end need replacement of ‘um’ by ‘a’ in their plural noun forms. For example, datum=>data; curriculum=>curricula; medium=>media.
  • Rule 15: Few singular nouns that end with ‘a’, required changing of this ‘a’ by ‘ae’ for converting into the plural. For example, antenna=>antennae; alumna=> antennae.
  • Rule 16: For some singular nouns ending with ‘ex’ or ‘ix’, replace it with ‘ices’ while converting into a plural noun. For example, index=>Indices; appendix=>appendices.

Singular and Plural Nouns Worksheet

Now that you have learned about the rules of singular and plural nouns, let’s practice the following singular and plural noun worksheets to check your understanding of the subject.

Q1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate plural noun forms of the words in bracket.

  1. The young ________ peel the _________. (lady, vegetable)
  2. Mother cut the omelet into two __________. (half)
  3. The cowherd’s ___________walked slowly into the field. (cow)
  4. The old _____________ are standing at the bus stop. (woman)
  5. The busy ____________ were cleaning the road. (man)
  6. My grandpa sharpened the __________ in the kitchen. (knife)
  7. Rohan’s ________ made pineapple chicken. (wife)
  8. There were so many beautiful ________ in Uttarakhand. (valley)
  9. The ________played happily with ________. (mouse, cheese)
  10. Santu bought two _________ from the market. (mango)
  11. The ______are happy because they have got new _________ . (girl, dress)
  12. I like _________ and________________. (mango, orange)

Q2. Match the singular noun with its corresponding plural noun.

              Singular

 

             Plural

a.       Desk

1.       Knives

b.       Branch

2.       Men

c.       Buffalo

3.       Oxen

d.       Piano

4.       Desks

e.       Army

5.       Branches

f.        Thief

6.       Buffaloes

g.       Man

7.       Pianos

h.       Ox

8.       Armies

i.         Knife

9.       Thieves

Q3. Write the plural forms of the nouns given below

  1. Book ____________
  2. Light ____________
  3. Stove ___________
  4. Glass ____________
  5. Boss ____________
  6. Life _________
  7. Hoof __________
  8. Leaf ___________
  9. Buzz ___________
  10. Photo ___________
  11. Hero _____________
  12. Watch ___________
  13. Party ____________
  14. Calf _____________
  15. Table ___________
  16. Foot ____________
  17. Mother ___________
  18. Sheep __________
  19. News ______________
  20. Cactus ____________
  21. Vertex ___________
  22. Hypothesis ____________
  23. Amoeba ___________
  24. Axis __________
  25. Bacterium ______________
  26. Octopus____________

Q4. Refer to the underlined nouns in the sentences and write if the nouns are singular or plural.

  1. My friend came to see me day before yesterday. ______________
  2. There are two dolphins playing in the sea. _________
  3. We saw a puppet show last night. _____________
  4. I can see two fish in the fish tank. _____________
  5. Many elephants live in the forest. _____________
  6. How many students work in your project? _____________
  7. The people on the bus were cover their head. _________
  8. Malhotra sang a song for his children. _____________
  9. The farmer has a cow. ____________
  10. My mom read a story book to me before bedtime. ____________
  11. Tulika played with her friend at breaktime. ______________
  12. I saw a dog playing on the park. ____________
  13. I had one omelet for lunch. ______________

Q5.  Circle the proper singular and plural noun form which is appropriate in the sentences given below

  1. The teacher reminded her students to brings their (notebook/notebooks) to school every day.
  2. There were a lot of (computer/computers) in the bank.
  3. The (police/ polices) are looking for the robbers.
  4. We saw a lot of ( deers/ deer) at the zoo.
  5. The baby has two elder (brother/brothers).
  6. Iffat has three (childs/children/childrens).
  7. There are a few (mouse/mice) in that haunted house.
  8. My mother gave me two big (potatos/potatoes) in lunch.
  9. Money is a (mean/means) to become rich.
  10. The hunters sharpened their (knifes/knife/knives) before going to the jungle.

Q6. Choose the correct plural for each of the words that follow.

  1. Box: Boxs/Boxes/Boxies
  2. .Owl: Owls/Owleds/Owlies
  3. Aircraft: Aircraft/Aircrafts/Aircraftes
  4. Baby: Babies/Babis/Baby
  5. Toy: Toys/Toyes/Toies
  6. Gas: Gas/Gasses/Gases
  7. Piano: Pianoes/Pianos/Pianoies
  8. Series: Serieses/Seriesses/Series
  9. Tooth: Tooths/Tooth/Teeth/Teeths
  10. Belief: Believes/Beliefs/Belieffes

 

Countable and Uncountable Nouns: Definition, Rules, Lists, and Worksheets (With PDF)

Written by Manasi Dey in English

Nouns in the English language are grouped into two categories: countable and uncountable nouns. Their usage in sentences is different. In this article, we will explore more details about countable and uncountable nouns, their definition, rules, examples, lists, and worksheets. Let’s start our learning with the definition of countable and uncountable nouns.

Definition of Countable and Uncountable nouns

What is Countable Noun?

Countable nouns are the nouns that can be counted. Using mathematical numbers, countable nouns can be quantified. They can be separated into individual elements or units. For example, I purchased a pen yesterday. In this sentence, the noun “pen” can easily be counted and hence pen is a countable noun.

Countable nouns are represented using singular or plural form. When the quantity of the item is only one, it’s singular. When the number of items is more than one, it’s plural.

What is Uncountable Noun?

There are few other nouns that can not be counted using mathematical numbers. These nouns are known as uncountable nouns. They can not be separated as individual items and normally seen as a whole. Uncountable nouns exist as masses or abstract quantities. For example, I prefer tea over coffee. In this sentence, both the nouns, “tea or coffee” can not be counted and hence both are uncountable nouns.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Rules of Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable and Uncountable nouns are normally decided by finding the modifiers used before the nouns in a sentence. Sometimes, it is really difficult to find out the countable and uncountable nouns in a sentence. Normally, the following keywords are used for identification.

Keywords for Countable Nouns:

Countable nouns can easily be identified in a sentence by looking at the modifiers that are used before the noun. Normally, the following keywords are used for countable nouns:

  • a
  • an
  • any number (two, three, four, etc)
  • each
  • too many
  • every
  • a few
  • another
  • several
  • a large number of
  • a small number of
  • very few
  • fewer

Keywords for Uncountable Nouns:

In a similar way, the main identifiers for uncountable nouns are:

  • a large amount of
  • a little
  • less
  • much
  • too much
  • a great deal of

Keywords for both Countable and uncountable Nouns:

Few keywords are used both for countable and uncountable nouns as follows:

  • any
  • some
  • no
  • none of
  • a lot of
  • hardly any
  • not any
  • other

Please remember that the same noun can be used as countable or uncountable depending on the use in a sentence. Look at the following two sentences:

  1. He ordered a tea for me
  2. Would you like to have some tea?

In the first sentence, even though tea is normally uncountable, in this sentence referring to a cup of tea and hence, countable. But in the second sentence, the noun tea is uncountable.

List of Countable and Uncountable Nouns with Example

A list of countable and uncountable nouns with examples in a general sense is produced below in a tabular format for the proper understanding of the countable and uncountable nouns.

List of Countable Nouns:

TypesList of Countable Nouns
Living ThingsMan, dog, cat, person, tree, etc
River, Sea, CountriesRiver, Sea, Ocean, Country, State, etc.
Daily use thingsBottle, Litre, Chair, Table, Computer, Cup, Plate, Fork, Bag, Books, Pens, etc
Measuring unitsliter, kilogram, meter, etc.
CurrencyCoin, Note, Rial, Dollar, Rupee, etc
Fruits and VegetablesMango, Apple, Potato, Capcicum, etc
Other Countable NounsStudents, Players, Boys, Girls, Members, Employees, etc.
Table-1: List of Countable Nouns

List of Uncountable Nouns:

TypesList of Uncountable Nouns
Gaseous SubstanceAir, Hydrogen, Steam, Oxygen, Nitrogen, etc.
Liquid SubstanceOil, Milk, Water, Petrol, etc.
FeelingsLove, Courage, Happiness, Anger, etc.
Powder and GrainsSalt, Rice, Sugar, Sand, Wheat, etc.
IdeasMotivation, Advice, etc.
State of BeingStress, Fatherhood, Sleep, Motherhood, Childhood, etc.
Natural PhenomenaRain, Weather, Climate, Snow, Sunshine, etc.
Other Uncountable NounsArt, accommodation, Butter, Clothing, Corruption, Damage, Energy, Fire, Freedom, Fuel, Fun, Gold, Guilt, Honesty, Humour, Importance, Kindness, Justice, Literature, Magic, Money, Music, Nature, Old age, Pride, Progress, Racism, Respect, Shopping, Spelling, Seafood, Tennis, Travel, Transportation, Trust, Violence, Work, Wisdom, Yoga, etc.
Table-2: List of Uncountable Nouns

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Worksheets

Now, its time to check our understanding of countable and uncountable nouns by solving the following exercises. So, let’s dive into the countable and uncountable nouns workwheets.

Countable and Uncountable nouns worksheet:

Q1. Understand the meaning of the given sentences and decide whether these nouns are countable or uncountable nouns

  1. The boys are playing in the park.
  2. Do you want some chocolate?
  3. I don’t like beer.
  4. The environment is getting polluted every day and night.
  5. Sumita uses baking soda to prepare cakes.
  6. There are a lot of windows in the Hotel Parkview.
  7. Can I borrow some sugar from you?
  8. The waiters in this restaurant are very friendly and polite.
  9. Firan drinks two glasses of water after getting up from the bed.
  10. Drivers must be careful while driving through the slippery roads.
  11. To avoid any accidents, some policemen are organizing road traffic.
  12. How many bottles of mineral water have you bought?
  13. Is there any empty chair in the hall?
  14. Successful candidates will be promoted to the next class.
  15. I met some nice people at the party.

Q2. Tell whether the underlined nouns are countable or uncountable.

  1. Would you like some milk with your cornflakes?
  2. These books will help you in your study.
  3. You will need sugar for this recipe.
  4. Mohor took a lot of photographs when she went to the Darjeeling.
  5. How many gifts did you get to our birthday party?
  6. Be careful! The water is deep.
  7. Most kids like sweets but Ranu hates it.
  8. I was feeling so stressed that I ate a few chocolates.
  9. My mother uses real butter in the pulao.
  10. Kousik can play several different musical instruments.

Q3. Fill in the blanks with Some/Any.

  1. She likes ________ sauce in the salad.
  2. They eat _________fruits for breakfast.
  3. I would like to give you _______advice.
  4. Can u give me ________information about helping verb?
  5. Would u like to eat ________popcorn.
  6. Will u share _______beauty tips with us?
  7. Please help yourself to plunge ________flowers.
  8. Are there ______customers in the shop.
  9. There is ______milk in the fridge.
  10. Can I have ______water, please?
  11. There are ______parents in the park.
  12. I would like _______kiwis.
  13. There are ________ beautiful waterfalls in Karnataka.
  14. Has she got _______ parathas for her friends.
  15. I don’t have ____________ story book.

Q4. Write ‘’C’’ for Countable and ‘’U’’ for Uncountable.

  1. Rice   _____________
  2. Honey _____________
  3. Grapes _____________
  4. Ice-cream _____________
  5. Cheese _______________
  6. Juice _____________
  7. Strawberry _____________
  8. Soup ________________
  9. Rice ______________
  10. Water ______________
  11. Money ______________
  12. Happiness ________________
  13. Paper _____________
  14. Carrot ____________
  15. Army ___________

Q5. Underline the correct answers.

  1. Is there (any, a few) honey in the bottle?
  2. How (much, many) money did you spend to buy the dress?
  3. There is (some, few) eggs in the tray.
  4. Is there (many, any) rice in the bowl?
  5. My mother put too (much, many) peppers in the soup.
  6. He has a (lots, more) for music.
  7. There isn’t (much, more) air in the room.
  8. Swati drinks (lots of, more) water.
  9. I’ve had so (more, much) coffee today.
  10. My father gave us (some, few) money for a picnic.

Subject and Predicate: Definition, Rules, Examples, and Worksheets (With PDF)

Written by Manasi Dey in English

Each sentence in English Language consists of two parts; a Subject and a Predicate. In this article, we will explore basics about the subject and predicate of a sentence and provide examples of subject and predicate. Finally, we will solve worksheets on subject and predicate to strengthen our learning. So, let’s start with the definition of subject and predicate.

What is Subject and Predicate

Subject and Predicate constitute the complete sentence.

Subject of a Sentence: The subject is the main part of a sentence. The subject is that part of the sentence about which or whom something is said. Let’s take an example of a sentence, “Advik is playing.”. The sentence is told about “Advik”. So here Advik is the subject.

Predicate of a Sentence: the Predicate of a sentence is the remaining part of the sentence. So, the predicate is whatever said about the subject. In the above sentence “is playing” is describing the action of the subject “Advik”. Hence, the part “is playing” is the predicate of that sentence.

subject and predicate

Rules for identifying of the Subject and Predicate in a Sentence

Identifying the Subject:

Normally, the subject in a sentence will be a noun and pronoun. To identify the subject, first find out the verb. Once the verb is known, make a question to that verb using “who”, or “what”. In the maximum situations, the subject of the sentence will be the answer. In our earlier example, is playing is the verb. So if we make a question by adding “who”, it will be “who is playing?”. And the answer is “Advik”. So here Advik is the subject and it is a name, hence a noun.

Remember that the subject can be a single or more word. For example, if I write the above sentence as “Aharsi’s brother Advik is playing”. In this sentence, the subject is “Aharsi’s brother Advik”.

Sometimes, the subject may not appear distinctly in the sentence but it can be implied. For example, in the Sentence “Get out from the class”, the full sentence is the predicate. The subject is “you” which is not distinct but implied. So, care must be exercised to understand the meaning of the sentence for identifying the subject. In a request or command, the subject of a sentence is usually not stated.

The subject in a sentence can be of two types; Simple Subject and Compound Subject. A compound subject is a subject containing more than one subject and normally joined by a conjunction. For example; Ram and Rahim are playing football. Here Ram and Rahim both are subjects and they are joined by the conjunction “and”. So, “Ram and Rahim” in this sentence is a compound subject. In compound subject, all the subjects perform the same action.

Finding subjects for sentences starting with “there”: Note that “there” is normally not the subject in the sentence. To find the subject simply omit the word “there” and then ask the verb “who” or “what”.

Identifying the Predicate:

The predicate of a sentence normally contains a verb and shows action. If you remove the subject part from any sentence, the leftover is the Predicate. The predicate normally explains what the verb is doing.

The predicate in a sentence are of three types as mentioned below:

  • Simple Predicate
  • Compound Predicate and
  • Complete Predicate

A simple predicate tells only about the action of the subject. Our earlier example “Advik is playing”, is a simple predicate. Normally only one verb is used to express the predicate in the sentence.

A compound predicate provides two or more details about the same subject and normally has more than one verbs joined by a conjunction. For example, Swarnaly participated in the story-telling competition and won a prize. Here both verbs participated and won is indicating the action of the subject “Swarnali” and they are connected by the conjunction “and”.

A complete predicate explains the complete thought and uses a single verb. For example, Iffat has opened her youtube channel for the first time. The sentence completes the thought with the verb opened and modifier.

Examples of subject and predicate

Examples of subject and predicate is provided in the following tables. Three tables are prepared showing subject predicate examples as follows:

  1. Simple Subject and Predicate Example
  2. Complete Subject and Predicate Example
  3. Compound Subject and Predicate Example

Simple Subject and Predicate Example:

SentenceSimple SubjectSimple Predicate
Aharsi is reading a bookAharsiis reading
Swarnali is distributing chocolateSwarnaliis distributiong
They are fighting over a penTheyare fighting
The Sun rises in the eastSunrises
Firan, do itYoudo
Table 1: Example of Simple Subject and Predicate

Complete Subject and Predicate Example:

SentenceComplete SubjectComplete Predicate
Firan’s wife Mohor is watching a movieFiran’s wife Mohoris watching a movie
Little Advik is distributing chocolates and sweets on his birthday.Little Advikis distributing chocolates and sweets on his birthday.
Ishani and Koushani are fighting over a penIshani and Koushani are fighting over a pen
The Sun does not set in the eastThe Sundoes not set in the east
Firan, draw itFiran Youdraw it
Table 2: Complete Subject and Predicate example

Compound Subject and Predicate Example:

SentenceCompound SubjectComplete/Compound Predicate
Uttam and Sumita loves each other and never fights.Uttam and Sumitaloves each other and never fights. (Compound)
Jharna and Kamal are watching television and drinking coffeeJharna and Kamalare watching television and drinking coffee (Compound)
Both Ravleen and Dharini are strong in English languageBoth Ravleen and Dhariniare strong in English language (Complete)
Advik or Karuna has taken the keyAdvik or Karunahas taken the key (Complete)
Both Harish and Dhruv studies in KG 2 and stays in Wadi KabirBoth Harish and Dhruvstudies in Kg 2 and stays in Wadi Kabir
Table 3: Compound Subject and Predicate Example

Worksheets on subject and predicate

Now as you already learned the basics of the subject and predicate in a sentence and examples of those; Its time to solve few worksheets on subject and predicate.

Q1. Underline the subject and circle the predicate.

  1. The students studied hard for the exam.
  2. My grandfather loves me very much.
  3. My brother and I like to swing at the park.
  4. Kalyan and Abhinav are best friends.
  5. Avik really wanted a cycle.
  6. Meena looked out of the window to check the sky.
  7. The dolphins swam freely in the ocean.
  8. The IPL team went traveling.
  9. Jeet took his book back to his friend.
  10. Sumita painted her rooms green and red.
  11. Aliya jumped on her bed.
  12. Advik played with his toys.
  13. Gargi and her friends raced to school.
  14. Dipali went to the movies with her family.
  15. The boys are soaking wet in the rain.
  16. Anil bought a new pair of pencils.
  17. Tom is reading a detective book.
  18. Two mice ran across the floor.
  19. The children ran around on the playground.

Q2. Circle the simple subject and underline the simple predicate.

  1. Shruti typed on the computer keyboard.
  2. The beautiful lady looked at herself in the mirror.
  3. The teacher wrote the lesson on the board.
  4. We meet with our friends at the coffee shop.
  5. Tina was tired of going up the hill.
  6. The cab driver stopped his car suddenly.
  7. My naughty cat tracked dirt inside of the house.
  8. The curious puppy jumped inside of the box.
  9. The entire family went on a summer vacation.

Q3. Write the simple subject of each sentence.

  1. Pamela put her jacket down.
  2. They walked in the footpath.
  3. The flowers smell sweet.
  4. The Grand mall is crowded.
  5. My mother holds my brother’s hand.
  6. The sky is full of black clouds.
  7. I have a storybook.
  8. Kiran is peeling vegetables.
  9. Taniya is discussing her studies with her friend.
  10. Rubina made a Russian salad.

Q4. Write the simple predicate of each sentence.

  1. My brother plays in the sand.
  2. Firan makes a new friend.
  3. No one wants to go home.
  4. The sun sets behind the hill.
  5. Trijosh climbs up the tree.
  6. Everybody loves that park.
  7. Some boys walk very fast.
  8. Swarnali knows Bharatanatyam.
  9. My friend went to Salalah for a trip.
  10. Deep likes to sing a song.
  11. She shouted for joy.

Q5. Choose a subject from the box to complete each sentence.

 The bird, A buzzing bee, My mother, A spider, A blue dolphin, The children, The girl
  1. ______________________ jumped in the sea.
  2. ______________________ spun a web in the corner of a wall.
  3. ______________________ was upset because I broke her favorite neckless.
  4. ______________________ looked for nectar in the flower.
  5. ______________________ sing a song all day.
  6. ______________________ played in the mud.
  7. ______________________ spun around in alarm.

Q6. Refer to the sentences given below and identify the type of subject and predicate for the underlined parts.

  1. My brother is doing his homework.
  2. She is lazy.
  3. It is a black cat.
  4. Raj is playing football.
  5. Give it to me.
  6. The baby is sleeping.
  7. Anup wrote to his friend.
  8. He did his homework and played a video game.
  9. It was raining heavily when I reached school.
  10. The earth revolves around the sun.
  11. The young girl bounced the ball.
  12. Close the door.
  13. He adjusted his hat and opened the door.

Q7. Underline the compound subject in each sentence.

  1. Carrot, beans, and broccoli grow in the garden.
  2. Harish, Evana, Racleen attended a birthday party.
  3. My brother and sister really enjoyed the magic show.
  4. Later this month Jhumpa and Sulekha will visit her friend’s baby.
  5. Jack and Jill went up the hill.
  6. John and Jill are going to sell stamps.
  7. The manager and director approved the business case.
  8. Rice and chicken curry are my favorite meal.
  9. Jui and Dipu are coming for dinner.
  10. Preeti and his brother play in the mud on a rainy day.
  11. The parents and teacher met in the parents’ teacher meeting.
  12. Her mother and father decided to go out to dinner.
  13. Apple and orange are healthy afternoon snakes.
  14. Neither Sabana nor Maria will be present at school today.
  15. Miss Maya and his students study hard and learn a lot.
  16. My friend and I are happy at the Cinema hall.
  17. Ben and Clamy are hungry.
  18. Paneer cake and Kulfi is my mom’s specialty.
  19. Ghee roast and veg Pulao are on the restaurant menu.
  20. Each glass and plate look new.

Q8. Underline the Compound Predicates in each sentence.

  1. Koalas run away and never returned.
  2. The telegram was late but contained exciting good news.
  3. I like chocolate but hate chocolate cake.
  4. She toppled over when I touched her.
  5. They need to absorb potassium and keep above 25 degrees.
  6. Dolphins are swimming and splashing around in the Matra beach.
  7. Shalini loves swimming and cycling.
  8. Kamal went to the market, but he forgets milk.
  9. The students danced and sang at the annual school function.
  10. My mother and her sister-in-law cooked and talked for hours.
  11. The ship transports people and moves goods.
  12. Kajal received a Diwali gift and felt happy.
  13. Grandpa looked for his phone and learned it.

Q9. Read the groups of words below and write Subject or Predicate on the line next to each phrase.

  1. Knew all the answers
  2. The girls in my class
  3. My favorite food
  4. Smiled
  5. Swimming
  6. The tiny ant
  7. My father’s friend
  8. Raced to school
  9. Ate bread
  10. The blue whale

Present Progressive Tense or Present Continuous Tense: Examples, Rules, and Worksheets (With PDF)

Written by Manasi Dey in English

What is Present Progressive Tense

The present progressive tense is a verb tense that indicates an ongoing action that is happening or continuing at the present instant. The present progressive tense is also known as present continuous tense. The present progressive tense is also used to indicate future plans or actions that are going to take place in the near future. Present continuous tense adds energy to the verb and conveys that the action is happening at that moment. For example, In the sentence “Mohor is running”, it is clear what the subject i.e, Mohor is doing (Running) at this moment.

Rules for using Present Progressive Tense

Present Progressive tense forms a major part of the present tense and is widely used in the English language. Present progressive tense is used in the following situations:

  1. To describe the actions happening now. For example; Aharsi is reading a storybook.
  2. To express predetermined plans or near future appointments. For example; Uttam is going to India tonight.
  3. To narrate the actions of temporary nature. For example, I am working with Shyam this month.
  4. To report the actions that are currently happening, but not at the moment of speaking. For example, situations that are changing every day.
  5. To describe the longer actions occurring around the moment of speaking. For example, Ismat is preparing for the IIT entrance.
  6. To describe trends. For example, Online education is becoming new schools for students.
  7. To inform repetitive actions, For example, Uttam is always coming late from office.

Present Progressive tense can easily be recognized by a few of the keywords or signal words in a sentence. These are: “At the moment”, “Now”, “Listen”, “Look”, “Just now”, “Right Now”.

There are few words for which present progressive tense or present continuous tense is not used. Examples of a few such words are: Belong – Cost – Know- Hate – Remember-Have (possession) – Hear – Think – Like – Love – Feel-Need – Own – Remember – Taste-Seem – Smell – Understand – Want-Forget-Understand-Notice-Seem-Recognise-Own-Want-See-Appear

Present Progressive Tense Examples

The formula for making present progressive or present continuous tense in a sentence is:

Subject+ to be verb (am/is/are)+verb with -ing+ object
Example: Rani (Subject) is (to be verb) dancing (main verb dance+ing) with her group.

Present Progressive tense can be used in affirmative or negative meaning or to make a question.

Examples of Present Progressive Tense in Affirmative Sentences:

  • Rahul is singing a song.
  • Swarnali is watching TV.
  • Formula: Subject+be verb (am/is/are)+(main verb+ing)+object

Examples of Present Continuous Tense in Negative Sentences:

  • Advik is not sleeping.
  • Sarah is not working.
  • Formula: Subject+be verb (am/is/are)+not+ (main verb+ing)+object

Examples of Present Progressive Tense to make questions:

  • Is he playing carrom?
  • Are they coming today?
  • Formula: Be verb (am/is/are)+subject+(main verb+ing)+object+ (?) question mark

Simple Present Tense vs Present Progressive Tense.

The main differences between Simple present tense and present progressive tense are listed below in a tabular format:

Present Simple TensePresent Continuous Tense
Present simple tense use the verb in its base form (Only if the subject is third person singular number, s or es is added with the verb)Verbs are suffixed with “ing” in the present continuous tense.
Used for general statements; Example: Mangoes taste good.Used for current ongoing processes or actions; Example: I am eating a mango.
Present Simple Tense is used to explain which are universal truth means always true; Example: The Earth rotates around the Sun.Present Continuous Tense indicates things happening at the moment of explaining.
Simple Present Tense is used to explain permanent situations; Example: Uttam lives in MuscatWhereas Present Progressive Tense explains a temporary situation: Example: Sumita is living in Muscat for a few months.
Simple Present Tense indicates regular habits or routines; For example: Aharsi plays Keyboard every morningFor new or temporary habit, present continuous tense can be used; Example: These days, Aharsi is playing keyboard in the morning.
Indefinite future plans; Example, I’ll inform once I reach there.Definite Future plans; Example: I am going to the theatre tonight.
Signal words for Present simple Tense are: Always, Often, Usually, Occasionally, never, normally, generally, etc.Signal words for Present Continuous Tense are Today, Now, At the moment, this week, Look, etc.
Simple Present vs Present Progressive

Present Progressive Tense Exercises or Worksheets

Let’s learn more about the present progressive tense while solving the following worksheets

Q1. Change the following sentences from the Simple Present Tense to the Present Continuous Tense.

  1. The old woman walks slowly along the road.
  2. The children swim in the pool.
  3. These children study in class v.
  4. The gardener cuts down all the big trees.
  5. Deep hits the ball with his bat.
  6. An Aeroplane flies in the air.
  7. It rained heavily the day before yesterday.
  8. The notebook lies in the corner.
  9. They begin their class at 11 o’clock.
  10. Raj works in the shop.

Q2. Underline the Present Continuous Tense in the sentences given below.

  1. The birds are building their nest on the tree.
  2. Smita is going to market.
  3. The children are playing in the playground.
  4. Nitu’s dog is biting my leg.
  5. The teacher is writing a poem on the blackboard now.
  6. Today I am playing badminton.
  7. We are eating orange and apple in the morning.
  8. She is buying a gold pendant.
  9. We are living in this house.
  10. My parents are going to the zoo.
  11. She is writing a story.

Q3. Complete the following sentences with using the Present Continuous.

  1. Rechal _________(have)a shower now. She can’t come to the phone.
  2. Gita __________(watch) a serial.
  3. I can’t go to play now. I ________(do) my homework.
  4. They __________(run) around the park.
  5. We can’t go outside now. It’s ________(rain)!
  6. Look, Subir ________(play) tennis over there. Let’s talk to him.
  7. Ravlen________(cry), give her toys back.
  8. Soma __________(fry) some eggs.
  9. I _____(buy) some vegetable.
  10. She __________(blend) the colors for her picture.
  11. Iffate __________(chop) fruits for salad.

Q4. Choose the correct words in the brackets to form correct present progressive tense.

  1. I (am, is, are) eating cookies.
  2. My friends (am, is, are) calling me.
  3. The farmer (am, is, are) working in the field.
  4. We (am is, are) learning music.
  5. My little brother (am, is, are) standing in front of the window.
  6. The students (am, is, are) making noise.
  7. She (am, is, are) thinking about a story.
  8. I (am, is, are) listening to my favorite song.
  9. The player (am, is, are) running with the ball
  10. Stuti (am, is, are) singing on the chorus.
  11. Raghav (am, is, are) drinking Coldrinks.

Q5. Choose which one is present continuous from the sentences given below.

  1. Anna is looking at her pet fish.
  2. He drinks juice every morning.
  3. We were listening to FM all evening.
  4. My sister and I will be traveling to India in July.
  5. Tomorrow the weather will be sunny and dry.
  6. Ismat is cooking shahi-tukda for snacks.
  7. The girls are painting mandala art.
  8. They are celebrating Easter.
  9. Swarna likes Oreo cake.
  10. They are going to the temple.

Q6. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form to make the present continuous tense.

Verbs to Choose from: Go, play, write, drive, run, fly, sing, share, watch, eat
  1. My friends _____________hokey.
  2. Sreela _________a letter to her grandfather.
  3. Jhuma __________a butterfly kite.
  4. Isaani’s father __________a car.
  5. The athlete __________really fast.
  6. They _________to the beach.
  7. Those girls ________a Bollywood song.
  8. No one __________a toy with her.
  9. My brother ___________IPL in TV.
  10. The dog _______its food.

Q7. Re-write the sentences after fixing the mistakes for creating appropriate present progressive tense.

  1. Tanusree reading a storybook right now.
  2. They are eat dinner at their favorite restaurant.
  3. I watching a Susant’s movie right now, so please be quiet.
  4. My little brother is cry so loudly! I can’t do my homework.
  5. Jacklin walking to the park right now with her mother.
  6. They are watch TV at the moment.
  7. My parents sitting on the sofa.
  8. Ruma is play with her cat right now.
  9. Ganesh dance in front of his fans.
  10. Ankit can’t talk on the phone because he is sleep.

Q8. Fill in the blanks using appropriate Present continuous tense.

It is a sunny day. The birds are _________. The skies are blue. The trees look very beautiful. Everyone is __________fresh. The bees are _______ while the cat is _________. Today is a nice day.

Helping Verbs: Definition, Lists, Examples, Worksheets (With PDF)

Written by Manasi Dey in English

What are Helping Verbs / Definition of Helping Verb

Helping verbs are a category of verbs that extends the meaning of the main verb in a sentence. Normally, They alone have no meaning, but they are useful to maintain the grammatical structure of the sentence. Helping verbs come before the main verb and help it to express the proper meaning. Helping verbs provide support to the main verb and add additional meaning. They express the time (past, present, or future) of the verb and sometimes convey special meanings related to probability, permission, potential, expectation, etc. Helping verbs must always be followed by a second verb known as the main verb. The combination of the helping verb and the main verb together are known as verb phrases.

Examples of Helping Verbs / Helping Verbs Example

Let’s understand the concept of “helping verb” with an example; “I can solve this puzzle”. In this sentence, the main verb is “solve”. But here the helping verb “can” is expressing the ability of the subject “I”. Note that, in a sentence, helping verbs always stand in front of the main verbs. There could be more than one helping verbs in a sentence. For example; In the sentence, “Swarnali could have used geared cycle in the competition“, both could and have are helping verbs.

Lists of Helping Verbs

In English Language, there are two types of helping verbs. They are

  • Auxiliary Verbs
  • Modal Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs are those helping verbs that are used to add emphasis or express tense. Depending on the subjects auxiliary verbs change their form. Common examples are;

  • Helping Verb “To Be”: am, is, was, are, were, been, be, being (Indicates tense, voice or continuity)
  • To do: do, does, and did (used to indicate negative form or ask a question or add emphasis)
  • To have: has, have, and had (Tense)

For example, Aharsi is playing the keyboard; Here the helping verb “is” is indicating the present action of the main verb play.

Helping Verbs
Helping Verbs in English Language

Modal verbs additionally modify the meaning or action of the main verb. Note that modal verbs do not change form when used in a sentence. They modify the main verb to express possibility, obligation, necessity, potential, etc. For example, in the sentence “Firan may not attend the party”; the modal verb may not is indicating a possibility of the main verb attend. Other examples of modal helping verbs are:

  • Can (Used to denote ability)
  • will (expresses future aspect or confidence of the subject)
  • shall (future tense or commitment)
  • must (used to indicate confidence or command)
  • could (past tense or possibility)
  • might (denotes possibility)
  • would (habitual action of the past, future likelihood)
  • should (request or likelihood)
  • ought to (indicates command or request)
  • dare (willingness)
  • need (request or command)

Note that negative aspects of all the above helping verbs (both auxiliary and modal) are also helping verbs.

Use of Helping Verbs

Use of Helping Verbs to denote progressive or continuous tenses:

In the progressive or continuous tense the main verb ends in -ing, and preceded by an auxiliary helping verb. This aspect conveys the notion that an action is continuously occurring in an ongoing fashion.

  • Ismat is singing a song.
  • Advik was playing Ludo.
  • Uttam is thinking to start a business.

In all the above sentences, the helping verbs (is, was) are used to indicate progressive tense aspects.

Use of Helping Verbs to denote perfect tenses:

The perfect aspect explains an action is (was/will be) in a state of progress and it is completed before a particular time. The perfect aspect is used in continuous form as well to show progressive actions.

  • I have finished my lunch
  • have you done your homework?

In the above sentences the auxiliary verb have is helping the main verbs to express the perfect tense aspect.

Use of Helping Verbs to Change Active Voice to Passive Voice:

The hunter killed the tiger (Active)=> The tiger was killed by the hunter (Passive)

In the above sentence, the helping verb “was” is used to change the voice from active to passive.

Use of Helping Verbs to Ask Questions:

Do you believe he will come? In this sentence the helping verb “do” is used to ask a question.

Using Helping verbs to express negative aspects:

I do not like him; In this sentence the helping verb do not is indicating negative aspect of the main verb like.

Helping Verbs Worksheets / Worksheets on Helping Verbs

Q1. Fill in the blanks using helping verb.

  1. Sudipta ____ reading her book.
  2. The boys ______ playing basketball.
  3. The girls _____ run a race tomorrow.
  4. The teacher _____ give us a lesson.
  5. The kids _____ swinging in the park.
  6. The boys _____ play football in the park tomorrow.
  7. The stars _____ shining in the sky.
  8. The man ___ drinking a cold drink.
  9. The woman _____ sweeping the floor with a broom.
  10. The donkey _____ carry a heavy load.
  11. Many children ____ playing in the playground.
  12. It ____ going to rain I think.
  13. Boys ____ flying their kites in the park.
  14. A dog _____ barking in the street.
  15. The goat ____eating grass.
  16. Birds ____ fly very fast.

Q2. Underline the helping verbs in the sentences given below.

  1. Vinita is drinking tea.
  2. The boy is eating an ice-cream.
  3. My mother is going upstairs.
  4. I shall write a letter to him tomorrow.
  5. Tanu is sitting outside.
  6. Brother will come downstairs.
  7. The woman saw the girls were dancing.
  8. Julia is talking to her friend.
  9. Rima shall go to her sister’s home.
  10. She is standing near the piano
  11. He is walking alone in the road.
  12. The child is playing with the toy car.
  13. Sumita is plucking flowers in the park.
  14. They are reading books.
  15. Today she is going to the market.
  16. Tomorrow we shall eat Biriyani.

Q3. Choose the correct helping verbs and fill in the blanks.

  1. The teacher ____ writing on the blackboard. (are, is)
  2. They ____sleeping in the room. (were, was)
  3. The farmers ____ ploughing their field. (was, were)
  4. They _____ cooking in the kitchen. (was, were)
  5. _____ you come tomorrow? (will, shall)
  6. I ______ try to do it. (should, would)
  7. We _______not argue with the parents. (should, would)
  8. You ______ go when you finish your study. (can, could)
  9. We ________ played Ludo. (are, have)
  10. Titly or Arunima ______ done this. (has, have)
  11. Raj and Roni ______ Watching television. (is, are)
  12. ________ you believe in God? (Do, Does)
  13. Rohan _______ recognize people easily. (has, was)
  14. It_____ rain today. (may, is)
  15. Everybody _______completed their work before time. (have, has)
  16. Sally and Dipali ______ prepared stew before. (will, have)
  17. He _______added spices and lemon juice. (had, is)
  18. His friends ________ just arrived for lunch. (are, have)

Q4. In each sentence, circle the main verbs and underline the helping verbs.

  1. The lady had asked for baking soda.
  2. People will enjoy the ice-cream later.
  3. Poonam is learning about the doughnut machine.
  4. Everyone has eaten Sarita’s dosa.
  5. We are taking chocolates for friends.
  6. On Sunday Mohor will bake a cake.
  7. Uttam is picking raspberries and blueberries.
  8. Lakshmi has pickled some fresh mangoes.
  9. Sriji had planted an herb garden.
  10. They are planning another tour.
  11. Mina and Tina have tossed the salad.
  12. She is becoming a great athlete.
  13. People are noticing her skill in badminton.
  14. Abhinav will surprise everyone.
  15. Others have expected little from her.
  16. He is not thinking about his fear or pain.
  17. He was forgetting all his problems.
  18. Mary Kom has changed Indian sorts history.

Q5. Match the sentence with the correct helping verb to fill the gap.

a.  Riddhi’s pet fish _____swimming in the tank.

Have, was, will

b.  They ______not purchased the fish bowl yet.

c. Riddhi’s mother _____walking to the pet store.

d. She ______ buy the largest fish bowl.

Q6. Choose a helping verbs from the box to complete the sentence.

do,   will,   can,   are,    is
  1. The store ________staying open until 7:00 p.m.
  2. Which flavor of ice-cream _____you like?
  3. My family ______ bring butter paneer to the picnic.
  4. During Rain, We ______ see the lightning and thunder in the sky.
  5. _______ we meeting in the coffee shop?